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50
landing/docs/Commands/disk/fdisk.md
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50
landing/docs/Commands/disk/fdisk.md
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# The `fdisk` command
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The `fdisk` command is used for controlling the disk partition table and making changes to it and this is a list of some of options provided by it : </b>
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- Organize space for new drives.
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- Modify old drives.
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- Create space for new partitions.
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- Move data to new partitions.
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### Examples:
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1. To view basic details about all available partitions on the system:
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```
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fdisk -l
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```
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2. To show the size of the partition:
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```
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fdisk -s /dev/sda
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```
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3. To view the help message and all options of the command:
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```
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fdisk -h
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```
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### Syntax:
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```
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fdisk [options] device
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```
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### Some of the command options:
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On writing the following command
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```
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fdisk /dev/sdb
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```
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the following window appears :
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and then you type m which will show you all options you need such as creating new partition and deleting a partition as in the following picture :
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44
landing/docs/Commands/disk/mount.md
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landing/docs/Commands/disk/mount.md
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# The `mount` command
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The `mount` command is used to mount 'attach' a filesystem and make it accessible by an existing directory structure tree.
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### Examples:
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1. Displays version information:
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```
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mount -V
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```
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2. Attaching filesystem found on device and of type type at the directory dir:
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```
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mount -t type device dir
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```
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### Syntax Forms:
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```
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mount [-lhV]
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```
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```
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mount -a [-fFnrsvw] [-t vfstype] [-O optlist]
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```
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```
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mount [-fnrsvw] [-t fstype] [-o options] device dir
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```
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### Additional Flags and their Functionalities:
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|**Short Flag** |**Long Flag** |**Description** |
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|:---|:---|:---|
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|`-h`|<center>`--help`</center>|Dispaly a help message and exists|
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|`-n`|<center>`--no-mtab`</center>|Mount without writing in /etc/mtab|
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|`-a`|<center>`--all`</center>|Mount all filesystems (of the given types) mentioned in fstab|
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|`-r`|`--read-only`|Mount the filesystem read-only|
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|`-w`|`--rw`|Mount the filesystem as read/write.|
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|`-M`|`--move`|Move a subtree to some other place.|
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|`-B`|`--bind`|Remount a subtree somewhere else *(so that its contents are available in both places)*.|
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75
landing/docs/Commands/disk/parted.md
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landing/docs/Commands/disk/parted.md
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# The `parted` command
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The `parted` command is used to manage hard disk partitions on Linux. It can be used to add, delete, shrink and extend disk partitions along with the file systems located on them.
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You will need root access to the system to run `parted` commands.
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**NOTE:** Parted writes the changes immediately to your disk, be careful when you are modifying the disk partitions.
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### Examples:
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1. Displays partition layout of all block devices:
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```
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sudo parted -l
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```
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2. Display partition table of a specific `disk`
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```
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sudo parted disk print
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```
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Examples of `disk` are /dev/sda, /dev/sdb
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3. Create a new disk label of `label-type` for a specific disk
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```
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sudo parted mklabel disk label-type
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```
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`label-type` can take values "aix", "amiga", "bsd", "dvh", "gpt", "loop", "mac", "msdos", "pc98", or "sun" <br />
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4. Create a new partition in a specific `disk` of type `part-time`, file system is `fs-type` and of size `size` Mb.
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```
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sudo parted disk mkpart part-time fs-type 1 size
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```
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`part-time` can take values "primary", "logical", "extended".<br />
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`fs-type` is optional. It can take values "btrfs", "ext2", "ext3", "ext4", "fat16", "fat32", "hfs", "hfs+", "linux-swap", "ntfs", "reiserfs", "udf", or "xfs"<br />
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`size` has to less than the total size of the specified disk. To create a partition of size 50Mb, <size> will take the value of 50
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5. `parted` can also be run in an interactive format. Operations to manage the disk partitions can be performed by entering appropriate commands in the interactive session.
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`help` command in the interactive session shows a list of all possible disk management operations which can be performed.
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```
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$ sudo parted
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GNU Parted 3.3
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Using /dev/sda
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Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
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(parted) print # prints the partition table of the default selected disk - /dev/sda
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Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
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Disk /dev/sda: 53.7GB
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
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Partition Table: msdos
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Disk Flags:
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Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
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1 1049kB 53.7GB 53.7GB primary ext4 boot
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(parted) select /dev/sdb # change the current disk on which operations have to be performed
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Using /dev/sdb
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(parted) quit # exit the interactive session
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```
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### Syntax Forms:
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```
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parted [options] [device [command [options...]...]]
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```
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### Options:
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|**Short Flag** |**Long Flag** |**Description** |
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|:---|:---|:---|
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|-h|--help|displays a help message listing all possible `commands [options]`|
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|-l|--list|lists partition layout on all block devices|
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|-m|--machine|displays machine parseable output|
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|-v|--version|displays the version|
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|-a|--align|set alignment type for newly created partition. It can take the following values:<br /> `none`: Use the minimum alignment allowed by the disk type<br /> `cylinder`: Align partitions to cylinders<br /> `minimal`: Use minimum alignment as given by the disk topology information<br /> `optimal`: Use optimum alignment as given by the disk topology information|
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