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160 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
160 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
# Docker Security Best Practices
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Security is a critical aspect of working with Docker, especially in production environments. This chapter will cover essential security practices to help you build and maintain secure Docker environments.
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## 1. Keep Docker Updated
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Always use the latest version of Docker to benefit from the most recent security patches.
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```bash
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get upgrade docker-ce
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```
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## 2. Use Official Images
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Whenever possible, use official images from Docker Hub or trusted sources. These images are regularly updated and scanned for vulnerabilities.
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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web:
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image: nginx:latest # Official Nginx image
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```
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## 3. Scan Images for Vulnerabilities
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Use tools like Docker Scout or Trivy to scan your images for known vulnerabilities.
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```bash
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docker scout cve <image_name>
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```
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## 4. Limit Container Resources
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Prevent Denial of Service attacks by limiting container resources:
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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web:
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image: nginx:latest
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deploy:
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resources:
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limits:
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cpus: '0.50'
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memory: 50M
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```
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## 5. Use Non-Root Users
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Run containers as non-root users to limit the potential impact of a container breach:
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```dockerfile
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FROM node:14
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RUN groupadd -r myapp && useradd -r -g myapp myuser
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USER myuser
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```
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## 6. Use Secret Management
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For sensitive data like passwords and API keys, use Docker secrets:
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```bash
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echo "mysecretpassword" | docker secret create db_password -
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```
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Then in your docker-compose.yml:
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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db:
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image: mysql
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secrets:
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- db_password
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secrets:
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db_password:
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external: true
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```
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## 7. Enable Content Trust
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Sign and verify image tags:
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```bash
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export DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST=1
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docker push myrepo/myimage:latest
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```
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## 8. Use Read-Only Containers
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When possible, run containers in read-only mode:
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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web:
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image: nginx
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read_only: true
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tmpfs:
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- /tmp
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- /var/cache/nginx
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```
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## 9. Implement Network Segmentation
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Use Docker networks to isolate containers:
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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frontend:
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networks:
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- frontend
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backend:
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networks:
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- backend
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networks:
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frontend:
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backend:
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```
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## 10. Regular Security Audits
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Regularly audit your Docker environment using tools like Docker Bench for Security:
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```bash
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docker run -it --net host --pid host --userns host --cap-add audit_control \
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-e DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST=$DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST \
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-v /var/lib:/var/lib \
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-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
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-v /usr/lib/systemd:/usr/lib/systemd \
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-v /etc:/etc --label docker_bench_security \
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docker/docker-bench-security
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```
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## 11. Use Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) or AppArmor
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These provide an additional layer of security. Ensure they're enabled and properly configured on your host system.
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## 12. Implement Logging and Monitoring
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Use Docker's logging capabilities and consider integrating with external monitoring tools:
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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web:
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image: nginx
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logging:
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driver: "json-file"
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options:
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max-size: "200k"
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max-file: "10"
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```
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## Conclusion
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Implementing these security best practices will significantly improve the security posture of your Docker environments. Remember, security is an ongoing process, and it's important to stay informed about the latest security threats and Docker security features.
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